Hadith 2094

(2) His statement: "Cover his head with it..." This is evidence that the shroud in cases of necessity can be a single garment and that covering the entire body of the deceased is obligatory. This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat. In Ad-Durr al-Mukhtar, it is stated: "The shroud in cases of necessity is whatever is available, and the minimum is what covers the entire body. According to Ash-Shafi'i, it is what covers the private parts, like for the living." In Radd al-Muhtar, it is mentioned: "If the available garment does not cover the entire body, it is insufficient even in necessity. Rather, the rest of the body must be covered with something like grass, such as idhkhir. This is why Az-Zayla'i, after citing the hadith of Mus'ab, said: 'This is evidence that covering only the private parts is insufficient, contrary to Ash-Shafi'i's opinion.'" In Sharh al-Munyah, it is stated: "It is not permissible to combine two people in one shroud according to our view, contrary to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, who permit it in cases of necessity based on the narration of Anas. We say: Its meaning is that the single garment was divided among the group, so each person was shrouded with a portion of it out of necessity, even if it did not cover their entire body. It does not mean that their bodies were placed together, as that would involve exposing the private parts of one to the other. It is not permissible to bury two or more people in one grave except in cases of necessity, and in such cases, a barrier of soil should be placed between them." In Umdat al-Qari, Al-'Allamah Ibn Taymiyyah explained the meaning of the hadith: "The single garment was divided among the group, so each person was shrouded with a portion of it out of necessity, even if it did not cover their entire body. This is supported by the rest of the hadith, which mentions that the Prophet (ﷺ) would ask about who among them had memorized more Qur'an and would place them first in the grave. If they were all in one shroud together, he would have asked about the best among them beforehand to avoid having to undo and redo the shrouding."

(۲) قوله: غطوا بها رأسه إلخ : هذا دليل على أن كفن الضرورة ثوب واحد، وعلى أن ستر جميع الميت واجب. قاله في «المرقاة». وفي الدر المختار: وكفن الضرورة لهما ما يوجد، وأقله ما يعم البدن. وعند الشافعي: ما يستر العورة كالحي. وقال في رد المحتار: إن ما لا يستر البدن لا يكفي عن الضرورة أيضًا، بل يجب ستر باقيه بنحو حشيش كالإذخر، ولذا قال الزيلعي بعد سوقه حديث مصعب وهذا دليل على أن ستر العورة وحدها لا يكفي خلافا للشافعي، وقال في شرح المنية»: ولا يجوز الجمع بين اثنين في كفن واحد عندنا، خلافا للشافعية والحنابلة حيث جوزوه عند الضرورة؛ لما روى أنس. قلنا: معناه أنه كان يقسم الواحد بين الجماعة، فيكفن كل واحد ببعضه للضرورة، وإن لم يستر إلا بعض بدنه، وليس المراد أن يلاصق بدناهما؛ لأن فيه مباشرة عورة أحدهما للآخر. ولا يجوز أن يدفن اثنان أو أكثر في قبر واحد إلا عند الضرورة. وحينئذ يجعل بينهما حاجز من التراب انتهى. وفي عمدة القاري عن العلامة ابن تيمية معنى الحديث أنه كان يقسم الثوب الواحد بين الجماعة، فيكفن كل واحد ببعضه للضرورة، وإن لم يستر إلا بعض بدنه، يدل عليه تمام الحديث أنه كان يسأل عن أكثرهم قرآنا فيقدمه في اللحد. فلو أنهم في ثوب واحد جملة يسأل عن أفضلهم قبل ذلك؛ كيلا يؤدي إلى نقض التكفين وإعادته.