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Zakat · Chapter 9

Chapter on The Time for Fasting and Breaking the Fast

39 narrations · In source reading order

Hadith 2472

Volume 1

English

Amir bin Rabi’ah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) using the siwak (toothstick) countless times while fasting." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud] In a narration by Al-Tabarani from Abd al-Rahman bin Ghanam, he said: "I asked Mu’adh bin Jabal: 'Should I use the siwak (toothstick) while fasting?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'At what time of the day should I use the siwak?' He said: 'At any time of the day you wish, in the morning or evening.' I said: 'People dislike it in the evening and say that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The breath of a fasting person is more pleasant to Allah than the scent of musk."' He said: 'Glory be to Allah! He commanded them to use the siwak while knowing that the fasting person’s breath will inevitably have an odor, even if he uses the siwak. He would not command them to intentionally make their mouths foul, as there is no good in that; rather, it is harmful, except for someone afflicted with a trial from which there is no escape.'"
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Jami al-Tirmidhi 725 (unverified) 97% confidence
  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2364 (unverified) 97% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

Using the toothstick countless times while fasting…

(1) The statement: “Using the toothstick countless times while fasting…” In Al-Durr al-Mukhtar, it is said: “Using the toothstick is not disliked, even in the evening or if it is moistened with water, according to the schools of thought.” This is because it is narrated from Mu’adh as we have mentioned. There are also weak narrations in Al-Matloob, some of which we mention for support and reinforcement, even if they are not needed for proof. Among them is what Al-Bayhaqi narrated from Ibrahim ibn Abdurrahman, who said: Ishaq al-Khwarizmi told us, saying: I asked Asim al-Ahwal, “Can a fasting person use a moist toothstick?” He said, “Yes.” I said, “Do you think it is more moist than water?” He said, “Yes.” I said, “At the beginning and end of the day?” He said, “Yes.” I said, “From whom, may Allah have mercy on you?” He said, “From Anas, from the Prophet (ﷺ).” Ibn Hibban narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he would not use the toothstick at the end of the day. This invalidates the statement of Ibn Hajar: “There is no evidence in it for the opinion of Abu Hanifah and Malik regarding the dislike of using the toothstick before noon. The reason for its invalidation is that the one who prohibits does not need evidence, especially when there are general and comprehensive narrations from the Lawgiver that include both before and after noon. Moreover, when there are actions and fatwas from the Companions permitting it after noon, how can it be valid after all this for the hadith about the smell of the fasting person’s mouth to be evidence for Al-Shafi’i and those who follow him in prohibiting the toothstick after noon, and to restrict the general permission to before noon without clear evidence or valid reasoning? Is it not merely an exaggeration in extolling the virtue of fasting, just as someone might exaggerate and say, ‘The sweat of so-and-so, which occurs during his exertion at the end of the day, is more pleasing to me than rose water,’ which would imply the dislike of removing sweat by washing? [Summarized as such in Fath al-Qadir]

Note 1

قوله

(۱) قوله: يتسوك وهو صائم : قال في الدر المختار ولا يكره سواك ولو عشيا أو رطبا بالماء على المذاهب انتهى. لأنه روي عن معاذ مثل ما قلنا. وفي المطلوب أيضًا أحاديث مضعفة، نذكر منها شيئًا للاستشهاد والتقوية، وإن لم يحتج إليه في الإثبات، منها ما رواه البيهقي عن إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن حدثنا إسحاق الخوارزمي، قال: سألت عاصما الأحول أيستاك الصائم بالسواك الرطب؟ قال: نعم. أتراه أشد رطوبة من الماء؟ قلت: أول النهار وآخره؟ قال: نعم. قلت: عمن رحمك الله ؟ قال: عن أنس عن النبي ﷺ. وروى ابن حبان عن ابن عمر قال كان لا يستاك آخر النهار، وبه بطل قول ابن حجر: «ليس فيه دليل لقول أبي حنيفة ومالك بعدم كراهة تسوكه قبل الزوال. ووجه بطلانه أن المانع لا يحتاج إلى دليل لا سيما إذا ورد عن الشارع أحاديث مطلقة شاملة لما قبل الزوال وما بعده، وخصوصا إذا ورد عن الصحابة فعلهم وإفتاؤهم على جوازه بعد الزوال، وكيف يصلح بعد هذا كله أن يكون حديث الخلوف دليلا للشافعي ومن تبعه على منع السواك بعد الزوال، وصرف الإطلاق إلى ما قبل الزوال من غير دليل صريح أو تعليل صحيح وهل هو إلا مبالغة في فضيلة الصوم، كما يبالغ أحد ويقول لعرق فلان الذي يحصل حال كده في آخر النهار عندي أحسن من ماء الورد، فيكون فيه دلالة على كراهة إزالة العرق بالاغتسال مرقاة» ملخصا، هكذا في فتح القدير».

Hadith 2473

Volume 1

English

Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Among the best characteristics of a fasting person is using the toothstick.” [Narrated by Ibn Majah, Al-Daraqutni, and Al-Bayhaqi] In its chain is Mujalid ibn Sa’id, whom Al-Nasa’i considered reliable, and Muslim narrated his hadith alongside others.
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sunan Ibn Majah 1677 (unverified) 97% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Hadith 2474

Volume 1

English

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “My eyes are sore. Should I apply kohl while fasting?” He said, “Yes.”

[Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi, who said: Its chain is not strong, and Abu Atikah, the narrator, is weak.]

Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Jami al-Tirmidhi 726 (unverified) 97% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Hadith 2475

Volume 1

English

Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) applied kohl while fasting.
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sunan Ibn Majah 1678 (unverified) 88% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated…

(1) The statement: “Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated…” This is mentioned in Sharh al-Niqayah.

Note 1

قوله

(۱) قوله : عن عائشة إلخ كذا في شرح النقاية».

Hadith 2476

Volume 1

English

Ubaydullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Anas reported from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that he would apply kohl while fasting.
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2378 (unverified) 93% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Hadith 2477

Volume 1

English

Al-A’mash reported: “I did not see any of our companions dislike kohl for a fasting person. Ibrahim would permit a fasting person to apply kohl with sabr (a type of kohl).”
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2379 (unverified) 90% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Hadith 2478

Volume 1

English

Some companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) reported: “I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) in Al-Arj pouring water over his head 2 while fasting due to thirst or heat.”
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2365 (unverified) 97% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Commentary and footnotes (3)

Note 2

He poured water over his head...

(2) The statement: “He poured water over his head...” Cupping, wrapping oneself in a wet cloth, rinsing the mouth, sniffing water, or bathing to cool down are not disliked according to the second opinion, and this is the fatwa given. This is mentioned in Sharnabaliyah from Al-Burhan. The Prophet (ﷺ) poured water over his head while fasting due to thirst or heat, as narrated by Abu Dawud. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) would wet a cloth and wrap it around himself while fasting. These actions aid in worship and alleviate natural discomfort. Abu Hanifah disliked entering water or wrapping oneself in a wet cloth because it shows discomfort in performing worship, not because it is close to breaking the fast. The summary is that Imam Abu Hanifah’s statement is understood as dislike of a less preferred action (karahah tanzih), and he did it to demonstrate its permissibility and to show mercy to the weak members of the Ummah. This is the summary of what is mentioned in Al-Durr al-Mukhtar and Rad al-Muhtar.

Note 2

قوله

(٢) قوله: يصب على رأسه الماء إلخ لا تكره حجامة وتلفف بثوب متبل ومضمضمة أو استنشاق أو اغتسال للتبرد عند الثاني، وبه يفتى. «شرنبلالية» عن «البرهان»؛ لأن النبي الله صب على رأسه الماء، وهو صائم من العطش أو من الحر، رواه أبو داود. وكان ابن عمر ما يبل الثوب ويلفه عليه وهو صائم، ولأن هذه الأشياء بها عون على العبادة ودفع الضجر الطبعي، وإنما كره أبو حنيفة لله ذلك أعني الدخول في الماء والتلفف بالثوب المبلول لما فيه من إظهار الضجر في إقامة العبادة، لا لأنه قريب من الإفطار حاصل الكلام: أن كلام الإمام محمول على كراهة التنزيه وخلاف الأولى، وهو له فعل ذلك لبيان الجواز من إظهار العجز للرحمة على ضعفاء الأمة. هذا حاصل ما في «الدر المختار» وارد المحتار» و«المرقاة».

Note 1

ف: حدیث شریف میں پیاس کی شدت یا گرمی کی وجہ سے روزہ کی حالت میں سر پر پانی ڈالنے کا جو ذکر ہے وہ بیان جواز کے لئے ہے تاکہ ضعیف لوگوں کے لئے سہولت ہو جائے، اسی وجہ سے امام ابوحنیفہ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ نے روزہ کی حالت میں پانی میں اترنے یا تر کپڑے سے بدن کو لپیٹنے کو مکروہ تنزیہی اور خلاف اولی قرار دیا ہے کیونکہ اس سے عبادت میں تنگی اور ملال ظاہر ہوتا ہے۔ (درمختار، ردالمحتار اور مرقات)۔12

Hadith 2479

Volume 1

English

Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever breaks a day of Ramadan without a valid excuse or illness, fasting for a lifetime will not make up for it, 1 even if he fasts it.” [Narrated by Ahmad, Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Al-Darimi, and Al-Bukhari in a chapter heading] Al-Tirmidhi said: I heard Muhammad (Al-Bukhari) say: “Abu Al-Mutawwis, the narrator, is unknown except for this hadith.” Ali Al-Qari said: “Even if it is weak according to Al-Tirmidhi, it does not mean it is weak according to Abu Dawud, as his silence indicates its reliability, especially since Ahmad and others narrated it.”
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Jami al-Tirmidhi 723 (unverified) 99% confidence
  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2396 (unverified) 98% confidence
  • Candidate: Sunan Ibn Majah 1672 (unverified) 98% confidence
  • Candidate: Mishkat al-Masabih 2013 (unverified) 88% confidence

Mishkat (candidate) 2013

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Commentary and footnotes (3)

Note 1

Will not make up for it…

(1) The statement: “Will not make up for it…” Al-Tibi said: “This means he will not attain the virtue of the obligatory fast by voluntary fasting, even if the obligation is fulfilled by fasting one day. This is an exaggeration and emphasis, as indicated by the words, ‘even if he fasts it,’ meaning the full fast. Ibn Al-Malik said: ‘Otherwise, there is consensus that he must make up for it by fasting one day.’ This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat.”

Note 1

قوله

(۱) قوله : لم يقض عنه إلخ قال الطيبي : أي لم يجد فضيلة الصوم المفروض بصوم النفل وإن سقط قضاءه بصوم يوم واحد. وهذا على طريق المبالغة والتشديد، ولذلك أكده بقوله: «وإن صامه أي حق الصيام. قال ابن الملك: وإلا فالإجماع على أنه يقضي يوما مكانه. قاله في «المرقاة».

Note 1

ف: اس حدیث شریف میں مذکور ہے کہ فرض روزہ کو بلا عذر چھوڑنے پر اس کے بدلہ میں تمام عمر روزہ رکھ کر بھی اس کی تلافی نہیں کی جاسکتی۔ اس بارے میں علامہ طیبی نے کہا ہے کہ نفل روزہ کے ذریعہ سے فرض روزہ کی فضیلت حاصل نہیں ہوسکتی اور یہ بطور تاکید اور تہدید فرمایا گیا ہے ورنہ فرض روزہ کی قضاء میں ایک ہی دن کا روزہ رکھنا کافی ہے اور اس سے اس شخص کے ذمہ سے فرض روزہ ساقط ہوجائے گا۔ اور مرقات میں ابن الملک کے حوالہ سے لکھا ہے کہ اگر کسی نے رمضان کے کسی ایک روزہ کو بغیر عذر شرعی چھوڑ دیا تو اس بارے میں اجماع یہ ہے کہ اس ایک دن کے بجائے ایک دن بطور قضاء روزہ رکھے۔12

Hadith 2480

Volume 1

English

Ata said: “If one rinses their mouth and spits out the water without swallowing their saliva or what remains in their mouth, it does not harm them. 2 However, they should not chew ‘ilk (a type of gum). If they swallow the saliva of ‘ilk, I do not say it invalidates the fast, but it is discouraged.” 3
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 1930 (unverified) 60% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Commentary and footnotes (5)

Note 2

It does not harm them...

(2) The statement: “It does not harm them...” This is mentioned in Al-Durr al-Mukhtar.

Note 3

I do not say it invalidates the fast, but it is discouraged.

(3) The statement: “I do not say it invalidates the fast, but it is discouraged.” Therefore, our scholars said it is disliked to chew anything, whether it is ‘ilk or something else. Ibn Al-Humam said: “It is said that if it is not cohesive, such as if no one chews it when it is white, or if it is black, and the white one crumbles before chewing, reaching the stomach, then Muhammad’s statement about it not invalidating the fast applies. However, if it is known to reach the stomach, it invalidates the fast because it is certain. The reason for the dislike is that it exposes one to invalidating the fast and raises suspicion of breaking it. This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat and Sharh al-Niqayah.

Note 2

قوله

(٢) قوله: لا يضيره إلخ : هكذا في الدر المختار».

Note 3

قوله

(۳) قوله: لا أقوله أنه يفطر ولكن ينهى عنه: لذلك قال علماؤنا الله وكره مضغ شيء، سواء كان علكا أم غيره. وقال ابن الهمام: وقيل: إذا لم يكن ملتئما بأن لم يمضغه أحد إن كان أبيض، وكذا إذا كان أسود، والأبيض يتفتت قبل المضغ، فيصل إلى الجوف، وإطلاق محمد عدم الفساد محمول على ما إذا لم يكن كذلك؛ للقطع بأنه معلل بعدم الوصول. فإذا فرض في بعض العلك معرفة الوصول منه عادة وجب الحكم فيه بالفساد؛ لأنه كالمتيقن. ووجه الكراهة أنه تعرض للفساد وتهمه الإفطار. كذا في المرقاة» و«شرح النقاية».

Note 1

ف: حدیث شریف میں مذکور ہے کہ مصطکی کو چباتے ہوئے اس کا تھوک پیٹ میں چلا جائے تو اس سے روزہ نہیں فاسد ہوتا۔ اس بارے میں اشعۃ اللمعات میں لکھا ہے کہ مصطکی کا تھوک پیٹ میں چلے جانے سے اس وجہ سے روزہ نہیں ٹوٹتا کہ مصطکی کے ٹکڑے ٹکڑے ہوکر کوئی چیز پیٹ میں نہیں جاتی بلکہ صرف تھوک پیٹ میں جاتا ہے جو مفسد صوم نہیں ہے اور اگر کسی چیز کے چبانے سے اس کے ٹکڑے ہوکر ٹکڑے پیٹ میں چلے جائیں تو اس سے روزہ ٹوٹ جاتا ہے۔12