English
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ): "Any slave who marries without his masters’ permission is a fornicator" [Narrated by At-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Ad-Darimi]. In this chapter, from Ibrahim, he said: If a slave marries without his master’s permission, his marriage is invalid, but if permission is granted after he married, his marriage is valid. Muhammad narrated in "Al-Athar" and said: We take by it, and what he means by saying: "If permission is granted after he married," is that if what was done is approved, it is permissible, and this is Abu Hanifah’s view
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
- Candidate: Jami al-Tirmidhi 1111 (unverified) 96% confidence
- Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2078 (unverified) 96% confidence
Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.
Commentary and footnotes (2)
Note 1
(1) The statement: "He is a fornicator" means a slave’s marriage without the master’s permission is not permissible, as Ash-Shafi‘i and Ahmad said, and the contract does not become valid by approval afterward. Abu Hanifah and Malik said: If approved after the contract, it is valid, as the marriage of a slave, a partially freed slave, a slave dedicated to emancipation, a slave woman, or a slave mother is suspended without the master’s permission. If he approves, it is executed; if he rejects, it is void, due to this Hadith and its interpretation as mentioned by Muhammad in "Al-Athar"
Note 1
(۱)قوله: فهو عاهر : أي لا يجوز نكاح العبد بغير إذن السيد، وبه قال الشافعي وأحمد، ولا يصير العقد صحيحًا عندهما بالإجازة بعده، وقال أبو حنيفة ومالك: إن أجاز بعد العقد صح؛ لأن نكاح الفن والمكاتب والمدبر والأمة وأم الولد بلا إذن السيد موقوف عندنا، إن أجاز له نفذ، وإن ردّ بطل لهذا الحديث، وتفسيره الذي ذكره محمد في الآثار عن إبراهيم.