Explore Zujajah

Read. Reflect. Return.

Sales

Hadith 3042a

Chapter on Bankruptcy and Deferment

In this book

Current reading

Sales

Chapter on Bankruptcy and Deferment

Zujajat al-Masabih 3042aVolume 2

English

Salamah ibn Al-Akwa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: We were sitting with the Prophet (ﷺ) when a funeral was brought, and they said: “Pray over it.” He said: “Does he have any debt?” They said: “No.” He said: “Did he leave anything?” They said: “No.” So he prayed over it. Then another funeral was brought, and they said: “O Messenger of Allah, pray over it.” He said: “Does he have any debt?” They said: “Yes.” He said: “Did he leave anything?” They said: “Three dinars.” So he prayed over it. Then a third was brought, and they said: “Pray over it.” He said: “Did he leave anything?” They said: “No.” He said: “Does he have any debt?” They said: “Three dinars.” He said: “Pray over your companion.” Abu Qatadah said: “Pray over him, O Messenger of Allah, and his debt is on me.” So he prayed over it.
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 2289 (unverified) 97% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Commentary and footnotes (3)

Note 1

And his debt is on me

(1) The statement: “And his debt is on me”: This refers to guaranteeing the debt of a deceased person. Ibn Battal said: Scholars differed on someone guaranteeing a debt for a deceased person. Ibn Abi Layla, Muhammad, Abu Yusuf, and Ash-Shafi‘i said: Guaranteeing is permissible for him, even if he left nothing to cover it, based on this hadith. Abu Hanifah said: If the deceased left nothing, guaranteeing is not permissible, but if he left something, it is permissible to the extent of what he left. The response to the hadith is that it may refer to a prior guarantee, as the wording of acknowledgment and initiation in guaranteeing is the same, and the narration of an act is not general. It may also be abrogated, as its abrogation became clear to him. The hadith of Abu Hurairah, which comes later, indicates abrogation, where he said: “I am more entitled to the believers than themselves. Whoever dies among the believers and leaves a debt, its repayment is on me, and whoever leaves wealth, it is for his heirs.” In the narration of Abu Hazim from Abu Hurairah, the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Whoever leaves a burden, it is to me, and whoever leaves wealth, it is for the heir.” Abu Bishr Yunus ibn Habib said: I heard Abu Al-Walid say: This abrogates those hadiths about not praying over someone with debt. Ibn ‘Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not pray over someone who died with debt. A man from the Ansar died, and they said: “He has a debt.” He said: “Pray over your companion.” Then Jibril descended and said: “Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, says: The oppressor in debts is with Me for debts taken in transgression, extravagance, and sin. As for the chaste person with dependents, I guarantee to pay on his behalf.” So he prayed over him and said afterward: “Whoever leaves loss or debt, it is to me or on me, and whoever leaves sustenance, it is for his family.” He prayed over them. It may be said that it was not a guarantee but a promise to pay his debt. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) knew the promise was true, he prayed, as the obstacle was lifted. This is derived from Umdat Al-Qari, Al-Luma‘at, and Bahr Ar-Ra’iq. In Ad-Durr Al-Mukhtar, it is stated: Guaranteeing a debt for a bankrupt deceased is not valid according to him, but the three others validated it absolutely, and if someone voluntarily undertakes it, it is valid by consensus.

Note 1

قوله

(۱)قوله: وعلى دينه فيه الكفالة من الميت، وقال ابن بطال : اختلف العلماء فيمن تكفل عن ميت بدين، فقال ابن أبي ليلى ومحمد وأبو يوسف والشافعي: الكفالة جائزة عنه وإن لم يترك وفاء لهذا الحديث، وقال أبو حنيفة: إن لم يترك الميت شيئًا فلا تجوز الكفالة، وإن ترك جازت بقدر ما ترك، والجواب عن الحديث أنه يحتمل الإقرار عن كفالة سابقة؛ فإن لفظ الإقرار والإنشاء في الكفالة سواء، ولا عموم الحكاية الفعل، ويحتمل أنه منسوخ، وظهر عنده نسخه وحديث أبي هريرة التي يأتي بعد يدلُّ على النسخ، وهو قوله: أنا أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم، فمن توفي من المؤمنين فترك دينا فعلي قضاؤه، ومن ترك مالا فلورثته. وفي رواية أبي حازم عن أبي هريرة أن النبي ﷺ قال: من ترك كَلَّا فإلي، ومن ترك مالا فللوارث، قال أبو بشر يونس بن حبيب: سمعت أبا الوليد يقول: هذا نسخ تلك الأحاديث التي جاءت في ترك الصلاة على من عليه الدين، وقال ابن عباس : كان رسول الله الله لا يصلي على من مات وعليه دين، فمات رجل من الأنصار، فقال: عليه دين؟ قالوا: نعم، فقال: صلوا على صاحبكم، فنزل جبريل ، فقال : إن الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يقول: إنها الظالم عندي في الديون التي حملت في البغي والإسراف والمعصية، فأما المتعفف ذو العيال، فأنا ضامن أن أُؤَدِّي عنه، فصلى عليه ، وقال بعد ذلك من ترك ضياعا أو دينا فإلي أو علي، ومن ترك ميرانا ،فلأهله، فصلى عليهم، ويمكن أن يقال: إنه لم يكن ضمانا، بل وعد بأن أؤدي دينه، ولما علم رسول الله صدق وعده صلى لارتفاع المانع، «عمدة القاري» اللمعات»، «البحر الرائق ملتقط منها، وقال في الدر المختار: ولا تصح الكفالة بدين عن ميت مفلس، هذا عنده وصححاها مطلقا، وبه قالت الثلاثة، ولو تبرع به أحد صح إجماعا.

Note 1

ف: اس حدیث شریف سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ مقروض ہو کر مرنا ادائی کے لئے کچھ نہ رکھنا بہت برا ہے اور اس کی وعید ہے۔