English
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to see her while a man was with her. He appeared displeased by this, so she said, “He is my brother.” He replied, “Be careful about who you regard as your brothers, for breastfeeding that establishes kinship is that which satisfies hunger”. 1
In a narration by Abu Dawud Tayalisi, Jabir narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “There is no breastfeeding that establishes kinship after weaning.”
العربية
Typed, pending editorial approval
٣٢٦١ - وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ (رضي الله عنها)أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَعِنْدَهَا رَجُلٌ، فَكَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّهُ أَخِيْ، فَقَالَ: «انْظُرْنَ مَنْ إِخْوَانُكُنَّ، فَإِنَّمَا الرَّضَاعَةُ مِنَ الْمَجَاعَةِ».1 مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِصَالٍ».
Second printed occurrence of 3261 in volume 2; English supplied by Zujajah remaining Ahadith.docx. The typed Arabic prints this block separately.
Commentary and footnotes (2)
Note 1
Regarding the statement, “For breastfeeding that establishes kinship is that which satisfies hunger”, the meaning is that breastfeeding recognised by Islamic law is that which satisfies the infant’s hunger and serves as nourishment in place of food. This occurs during early childhood. It therefore indicates that breastfeeding does not establish this prohibition in later life, once a child has reached an age at which milk no longer satisfies his hunger and he can only be satisfied by bread and similar foods. In such a case, the prohibition does not apply. This is stated in Mirqah. For this reason, al-Hidayah states that once the period of breastfeeding has passed, no prohibition arises through breastfeeding. Among the supporting reports mentioned in Umdat al-Qari is the Hadith of Ibn Masud: “There is no breastfeeding that establishes kinship except that which strengthens the bones and produces flesh.” Abu Dawud recorded it as a statement attributed to the Prophet and also as a statement attributed to a Companion. Another supporting report is the Hadith of Umm Salamah: “Breastfeeding establishes prohibition only when it affects the intestines.” Tirmidhi recorded it and graded it authentic. It may be argued from this that a single feed does not establish prohibition, because it does not satisfy hunger. Some specification would therefore be required, and the most appropriate specification would be that established by Islamic law: five feeds. We respond that all of this adds a restriction to the unrestricted wording of the text, which does not specify a number. Adding a restriction to an unrestricted text amounts to abrogation, and this is impermissible. The same answer applies to every Hadith that specifies a number, such as the Hadith of Aishah in which the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “One suck or two sucks do not establish prohibition.” In another narration from her, recorded by Nasa’i, he said, “One brief suck or two brief sucks do not establish prohibition.”
Note 1
(۱)قوله: فإنما الرضاعة من المجاعة: يريد أن الرضاعة المعتد بها في الشرع ما يسد الجوعة ويقوم من الرضيع مقام الطعام، وذلك أن يكون في الصغر، فدل على أنها لا تؤثر في الكبر بعد بلوغ الصبي حدا لا يسد اللبن جوعته، ولا يشبعه إلا لخبز وما في معناه، فلا يثبت به الحرمة. كذا في المرقاة» لذلك قال في «الهداية»: وإذا مضت مدة الرضاع لم يتعلق بالرضاع تحريم، وقال في عمدة القاري: ومن شواهده حدیث ابن مسعود لا رضاع إلا ما شد العظم وأنبت اللحم، وأخرجه أبو داود مرفوعا وموقوفا، وحديث أم سلمة لا يحرم من الرضاع إلا ما فتق الأمعاء، أخرجه الترمذي وصححه، ويمكن أن يتستدل به على أن الرضعة الواحدة لا تحرم؛ لأنها لا تغني من جوع فإذَنْ يحتاج إلى تقدير، فأولى ما يؤخذ به ما قدرته الشريعة، وهو خمس رضعات، قلنا: هذا كله زيادة على مطلق النص؛ لأن النص غير مقيد بالعدد، والزيادة على النص نسخ فلا يجوز، وكذلك الجواب عن كل حديث فيه عدد مثل حديث عائشة عن النبي ﷺ قال: لا تحرم المصة ولا المصتان، وفي رواية النسائي عنها لا تحرم الخطفة والخطفتان.