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Emancipation

Hadith 3477

Chapter on Vows

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Emancipation

Chapter on Vows

Zujajat al-Masabih 3477Volume 2

English

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: Sa’d ibn Ubadah sought the verdict of the Prophet (ﷺ) regarding a vow upon his mother, who died before fulfilling it. He ruled that he should fulfill it on her behalf. [Agreed upon] Tahawi narrated from Amrah bint Abdur-Rahman, who said: I said to Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): My mother died with a vow of fasting Ramadan upon her. Is it appropriate for me to fulfill it on her behalf? She said: No, but give charity on her behalf for each day to a poor person, which is better than your fasting. This has an authentic chain. Nasa’i narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “No one prays on behalf of another, but he feeds on his behalf.” In another narration by him from him: “No one fasts on behalf of another, nor prays on behalf of another.” Abdul Razzaq narrated something similar from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).

العربية

Typed, pending editorial approval
٣٤٧٧ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ(رضي الله عنهما) ، أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ اسْتَفْتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي نَذْرٍ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ فَتُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ، فَأَفْتَاهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُ عَنْهَا. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وَرَوَى الطَّحَاوِيُّ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قُلْتُ لِعَائِشَةَ: إِنَّ أُمِّي تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا نَذْرُ صِيَامٍ رَمَضَانَ، أَيَصْلَحُ أَنْ أَقْضِيْ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَتْ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ تَصَدَّقِي عَنْهَا مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْ صِيَامِكِ، وَهَذَا سَنَدٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَرَوَى النِّسَائِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ لا أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَا يُصَلِّي أَحَدٌ عَنْ أَحَدٍ وَلَكِنْ يُطْعِمُ عَنْهُ». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ عَنْهُ: «لَا يَصُوْمُ أَحَدٌ عَنْ أَحَدٍ، وَلَا يُصَلِّي أَحَدٌ عَنْ أَحَدٍ»، وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ (رضي الله عنهما)مَا نَحْوَهُ.

اردو

سیدنا ابن عباس رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہما سے روایت ہے کہ سعد بن عبادہ رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ نے حضرت نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے ایک نذر کے بارے میں دریافت کیا1 جو ان کی والدہ کے ذمہ تھی اور وہ اس کو پورا کرنے سے پہلے انتقال کر گئیں۔ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فتویٰ دیا کہ وہ اپنی والدہ کی طرف سے اس نذر کو پورا کریں (متفق علیہ) عمرۃ بنت عبدالرحمن رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہا سے روایت ہے کہ میں نے حضرت عائشہ رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہا سے عرض کی کہ میری والدہ کا انتقال ہوگیا ہے ان کے ذمہ رمضان شریف کے روزے تھے، کیا میرے لئے یہ بات درست ہے کہ میں ان کی طرف سے روزے قضاء کروں۔ آپ نے فرمایا تم ایسا نہیں کرسکتیں۔ لیکن ان کی طرف سے تم ہر دن کے بدلے کسی مسکین کو صدقہ دو یہ تمہارے روزہ رکھنے سے بہتر ہے۔ (اس کی سند صحیح ہے، طحاوی) حضرت عبداللہ بن عباس رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہما سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ارشاد فرمایا کوئی کسی کی طرف نماز نہیں پڑھے گا البتہ وہ اس کی طرف سے کھانا کھلا سکتا ہے۔ (نسائی) حضرت عبداللہ بن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما سے روایت ہے کہ کوئی کسی کی طرف سے نہ روزہ رکھ سکتا ہے اور نہ نماز پڑھ سکتا ہے۔ (نسائی) محدث عبدالرزاق نے عبداللہ بن عمر رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہما سے اسی طرح روایت کی ہے)
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
  • Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 2761 (unverified) 98% confidence
  • Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1638a (unverified) 97% confidence

Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.

Commentary and footnotes (1)

Note 1

He sought the verdict of the Prophet (ﷺ) regarding a vow upon his mother, etc.

(1) The statement: “He sought the verdict of the Prophet (ﷺ) regarding a vow upon his mother, etc.”: Qadi Iyad said: They differed about the vow of Sa’d’s mother. Some said it was an absolute vow, others said it was fasting, others said emancipation, and others said charity. Each claimant cited hadiths related to the story of Sa’d’s mother. The most apparent is that it was a vow concerning wealth or an unspecified vow. This is supported by what Darqutni narrated from the hadith of Malik, where he said to him, meaning the Prophet (ﷺ): “Distribute water on her behalf.” Our Hanafi scholars specified it to financial acts of worship, not purely physical ones. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “No one fasts on behalf of another, nor prays on behalf of another.” The detail is that a vow is either a physical act of worship or a financial one. If it is a physical act, the heirs may not fulfill it on her behalf due to the prohibition. Nasa’i narrated in his “Sunan al-Kubra” from Ibn Abbas: “No one fasts on behalf of another, nor prays on behalf of another,” and something similar from Ibn Umar. If it is financial and the deceased did not make a bequest, the heirs are not obligated to fulfill it. If the deceased made a bequest to fulfill her vow, the heirs must fulfill it from one-third of his wealth, feeding for each day one sa’ of non-wheat grain or half a sa’ of wheat. This is the view of Abu Hanifah. Shafi’i in his later opinion said: The guardian feeds on behalf of the deceased each day one mudd of wheat for a poor person, and no one fasts on behalf of another. In his earlier opinion: If someone misses something from Ramadan, is able to make it up, then dies without doing so, or similarly for a vow or expiation, it is made up by his guardian, either by fasting on his behalf or feeding from his estate. Nawawi said: The earlier opinion here is more apparent. [Taken from “Al-Mirqat,” “At-Ta’liq al-Mumajjad,” “Badhl al-Majhud,” “Umdat al-Qari,” and “Al-Muswi”]