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Jihad

Hadith 3959

The Chapter on The Jizyah (Poll Tax)

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Jihad

The Chapter on The Jizyah (Poll Tax)

Zujajat al-Masabih 3959Volume 3

English

Ar-Ruhri narrated: The Prophet (ﷺ) made a treaty with idol-worshippers for jizyah, 1 except those among the Arabs. [Narrated by Abdur-Razzaq] Al-Bayhaqi narrated in this chapter from (As-Sunan al-Kubra) the Hadith of Buraydah: “When you meet your enemy among the polytheists, invite them to one of three options,” including: “If they refuse, invite them to pay jizyah.” Abu Umar said: Az-Zuhri’s Hadith excludes Arab polytheists, stating for them: “Only Islam or the sword,” supported by Allah’s saying: “You will fight them, or they will submit” [Qur’an 48:16].
Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

The Prophet (ﷺ) made a treaty with idol-worshippers for jizyah, except those among the Arabs

(1) The statement: “The Prophet (ﷺ) made a treaty with idol-worshippers for jizyah, except those among the Arabs”: Imams agree jizyah is imposed on the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Magians, but not idol-worshippers generally. They differ on whether Magians are People of the Scripture or resemble them. Abu Hanifah, Malik, and Ahmad say they are not, but resemble them. Shafi‘i has two views. They also differ on whether jizyah is taken from those with no scripture or resemblance, like idol-worshippers among Arabs and non-Arabs. Abu Hanifah says it is taken from non-Arabs, not Arabs. Malik says it is taken from all disbelievers, Arab or not, except Quraysh polytheists. Shafi‘i and Ahmad (in his stronger narration) say jizyah is not accepted from idol-worshippers at all. Az-Zuhri’s Hadith and others are evidence against Shafi‘i for not allowing it from non-Magians or non-Scripture people, and against Malik for accepting it from Arab polytheists. As in (Rahmat al-Ummah) and (At-Tafsir al-Ahmadiyyah).

Note 1

قوله

(١) قوله: إن النبي صلي الله عليه واله وسلم صالح عبدة الأوثان بالجزية، إلا من كان من العرب: اتفق الأئمة على أن الجزية تضرب علىأهل الكتاب وهم اليهود والنصارى وعلى المجوس، فلا تؤخذ من عبدة الأوثان مطلقًا. واختلفوا في المجوس هلهم أهل الكتاب أو لهم شبهة الكتاب؟ فقال أبو حنيفة ومالك وأحمد: ليسوا أهل كتاب، وإنما لهم شبهة كتاب. وعنالشافعي قولان. واختلفوا فيمن لا كتاب له ولا شبهة كتاب كعَبَدَةِ الأوثان من العرب والعجم هل تؤخذ منهمالجزية أم لا؟ قال أبو حنيفة: تؤخذ من العجم دون العرب. وقال مالك: تؤخذ من كل كافر عربياً كان أو عجميا إلامشركي قريش خاصة. وقال الشافعي وأحمد في أظهر روايتيه: لا تقبل الجزية من عبدة الأوثان مطلقًاً. وحديثالزهري وغيره حجة على الشافعي في عدم تجويزه من غير المجوسي والكتابي وعلى مالك في قبوله من مشركيالعرب أيضًا. التقطته من (رحمة الأمة) و(التفسيرات الأحمدية).