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Jihad · Chapter 1

Opening narrations

72 narrations · In source reading order

Hadith 3794

Volume 3

English

Imran ibn Husayn narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: A group from my nation will continue fighting for the truth, prevailing over their opponents, until the last of them fights the False Messiah.
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  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2484 (unverified) 99% confidence

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Hadith 3795

Volume 3

English

Abu Hurayra narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Who do you consider a martyr among you? They said: O Messenger of Allah, one killed in the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: Then the martyrs of my nation would be few. They said: Who are they, O Messenger of Allah? He said: One killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, one who dies of plague is a martyr, and one who dies of an abdominal disease is a martyr.
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  • Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1915a (unverified) 97% confidence

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Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

(1) Regarding the saying: Then the martyrs of my nation would be few, etc.: In Al-Durr al-Mukhtar: This applies to the complete martyr; otherwise, there is the martyr of the Hereafter, like one in a state of impurity or one who intends to fight the enemy but harms himself, the drowned, the burned, the stranger, one crushed by a collapse, one with abdominal disease, one with plague, a postpartum woman, one who dies on Friday night, one with pleurisy, and one who dies seeking knowledge. Al-Suyuti listed about thirty.

Note 1

قوله

(١)قوله: إن شهداء أمتي إذًا لقليل إلخ: وقال في (الدر المختار): وكل ذلك في الشهيد الكامل، وإلا فالمرتب شهيدالآخرة، وكذا الجنب ونحوه من قصد العدو، فأصاب نفسه، والغريقوالحريق والغريب والمهدوم عليه والمبطونوالمطعون والنفساء والميت ليلة الجمعة وصاحب ذات الجنب، ومن مات وهو يطلب العلم. وقد عدهم السيوطينحو الثلاثين.

Hadith 3797

Volume 3

English

Umm Haram narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: One who is seasick in the way of Allah has the reward of a martyr, and one who drowns has the reward of two martyrs.
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  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2493 (unverified) 97% confidence · Validation similarity: 0.798

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Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 2

(2) Regarding the saying: One who drowns has the reward of two martyrs: Scholars differed on whether a sea martyr is superior to a land martyr. Some said: The land martyr. Others said: The sea martyr. Abu Umar said: Scholars agree that when the sea is turbulent, boarding it is impermissible in all cases. Those who favored the sea martyr cited this hadith. [Umdat al-Qari]

Note 2

قوله

(٢) قوله: والغريق له أجر شهيدين: اختلفوا في شهيد البحر أهو أفضل أم شهيد البر؟ فقال قوم: شهيد البر. وقال قوم:شهيد البحر. قال أبو عمر: ولا خلاف بين أهل العلم أن البحر إذا رتج لم يجز ركوبه لأحد بوجه من الوجوه في حينارتجاجه. والذين رجحوا شهيد البحر احتجوا بهذا الحديث. كذا في (عمدة القاري).

Hadith 3798

Volume 3

English

Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Talha narrated from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that he heard him say: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to visit Umm Haram bint Milhan, who would feed him. Umm Haram was married to Ubada ibn al-Samit. One day, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) visited her, she fed him, and began to delouse his head. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fell asleep, then woke up laughing. She said: What makes you laugh, O Messenger of Allah? He said: People from my nation were shown to me, fighting in the way of Allah, riding the middle of this sea like kings on thrones—or like kings on thrones—Ishaq was unsure. She said: O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah to make me one of them. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed for her, then put his head down, woke up laughing, and I said: What makes you laugh, O Messenger of Allah? He said: People from my nation were shown to me, fighting in the way of Allah, as he said the first time. She said: O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah to make me one of them. He said: You are among the first. She boarded the sea during the time of Mu‘awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, fell from her mount when she came out of the sea, and perished.
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  • Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 2788 (unverified) 97% confidence
  • Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1912a (unverified) 96% confidence

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Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

(1) Regarding the saying: Riding the middle of this sea: This indicates permissibility of sea travel for jihad. Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib said: The Prophet’s companions traded by sea, including Talha and Sa‘id ibn Zayd. This is the view of most scholars, except Umar ibn al-Khattab and Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, who prohibited it absolutely. Some restricted it to sea travel for worldly gain, not the Hereafter. Malik disliked women traveling by sea due to exposure concerns, and some specified small boats, not large ones. The hadith supports this. If you say: Abu Dawud narrated from Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Do not travel by sea except for Hajj, Umrah, or jihad, for beneath the sea is fire, and beneath the fire is sea. I say: This hadith is weak. Al-Khallal narrated in his Illal from Layth, from Mujahid, from Abdullah ibn Umar, raising it, and Ibn Ma‘in said: This, attributed to the Prophet (ﷺ), is rejected. [Umdat al-Qari] In Al-Alamgiriyya: If one intends to board a ship for trade or otherwise, if he could save himself from drowning if the ship sinks by any means, boarding is permissible. If he cannot, boarding is impermissible.

Note 1

قوله

(١) قوله: يركبون ثبج هذا البحر: فيه دلالة على ركوب البحر للغزو. وقال سعيد بن المسيب: كان أصحاب النبيﷺ يتجرون في البحر، منهم طلحة وسعيد بن زيد، وهو قول جمهور العلماء إلا عمر بن الخطاب وعمر بن عبد العزير هما؛فإنهما منعا من ركوبه مطلقًا، ومنهم من حمله على ركوبه لطلب الدنيا لا للآخرة، وكره مالك ركوبه للنساء مطلقًا؛ لمايخالف عليهن من أن يطلع منهن أو يطلعن على عورة، وخصه بعضهم بالسفن الصغار دون الكبار، والحديث يخدشفيه. فإن قلت: روى أبو داود من حديث ابن عمر قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: (لا يركب البحر إلا حاجا أو معتمرا أوغازيا؛ فإن تحت البحر نارا، وتحت النار بحرا) قلت: هذا حديث ضعيف، ولما رواه الخلال في علله من حديث ليث عن مجاهد عن عبد الله بن عمر يرفعه قال:قال ابن معين: هذا عن النبي ﷺ منكر. كذا في (عمدة القاري). وقال في (العالمكيرية): إذا أراد أن يركب السفينةفي البحر للتجارة أو لغيرها، فإن كان بحال لو غرقت السفينة أمكنه دفع الغرق عن نفسه بكل سبب يدفع الغرق بهحل له الركوب في السفينة، وإن كان لم يمكنه دفع الغرق بكل ما يدفع به الغرق لا يحل له الركوب.

Hadith 3799

Volume 3

English

Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "No expedition or detachment goes out 1 and gains spoils and returns safely except that they have hastened to take two-thirds of their reward. And no expedition or detachment fails and is afflicted except that their reward is completed."
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  • Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1906b (unverified) 97% confidence

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Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

gains spoils and returns safely except that they have hastened to take two-thirds of their reward, etc.

(1) The statement: "gains spoils and returns safely except that they have hastened to take two-thirds of their reward, etc.": Its interpretation is that their intention was jihad and they did not desire the spoils alongside it. However, if the primary intention was jihad and they desired spoils alongside it, this falls under the saying of Allah, the Exalted: There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord [Al-Baqarah: 198], meaning trade during the journey of Hajj. Just as it does not nullify the reward of Hajj, so too with jihad. As for one who seeks jihad but in reality intends wealth, this was the state of the hypocrites, and there is no reward for him. Or if the primary intention is wealth, regarding such a person, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to someone who was hired for jihad for two dinars: "You will have only two dinars in this world and the Hereafter." Cited in (Radd al-Muhtar).

Note 1

قوله

(١) قوله: تغزو فتغنم وتسلم إلا كانوا قد تعجلوا ثلثي أجورهم إلخ: تأويله أنه كان مقصوده الجهاد ولا يرغب معه في الغنيمة، وأما إذا كان معظم مقصوده الجهاد، ويرغب معه في الغنيمة فهو داخل في قوله تعالى: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحُ أَن تَبْتَغُواْ فَضْلًا مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ﴾ (البقرة: ١٩٨) يعني التجارة في طريق الحج، فكما أنه لا يحرم ثواب الحج، فكذا الجهاد، ومن يريد الجهاد، ومراده في الحقيقة المال، فهذا كان حال المنافقين ولا أجر له، أو يكون مُعْظم مقصوده المال، وفي مثله قال َصلي الله عليه وسلم للذي استؤجر على الجهاد بدينارين: (إنما لك ديناران في الدنيا والآخرة). أخذته في (ردالمحتار).

Hadith 3800

Volume 3

English

Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: "A man fights for spoils, a man fights for fame, and a man fights to be seen in his position, so who is in the path of Allah?" He said: "2 Whoever fights so that the word of Allah be the highest, he is in the path of Allah."
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  • Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 2810 (unverified) 99% confidence
  • Candidate: Sahih Muslim 1904b (unverified) 95% confidence

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Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 2

Whoever fights so that the word of Allah be the highest, he is in the path of Allah

(2) The statement: "Whoever fights so that the word of Allah be the highest, he is in the path of Allah": It is stated in (Al-Fath): The essence of what was mentioned is that fighting originates from the intellectual faculty, the irascible faculty, and the appetitive faculty, and it is only in the path of Allah if it stems from the first. As stated in (Nayl al-Awtar).

Note 2

قوله

(٢) قوله: من قاتل لتكون كلمة الله هي العليا فهو في سبيل الله: قال في (الفتح): والحاصل مما ذكر أن القتال منشؤه القوة العقلية، والقوة الغضبية والقوة الشهوانية، ولا يكون في سبيل الله إلا الأول. كذا في (نيل الأوطار).

Hadith 3801

Volume 3

English

Ubadah ibn as-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever fights in the path of Allah intending only a camel’s halter, he will have what he intended."
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  • Candidate: Sunan al-Nasa'i 3138 (unverified) 90% confidence · Validation similarity: 0.893

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Hadith 3802

Volume 3

English

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, a man intends jihad in the path of Allah but seeks some worldly gain?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "3 There is no reward for him."
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Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 3

There is no reward for him

(3) The statement: "There is no reward for him": Because he did not fight for Allah. However, if he fought for Allah and intended to obtain spoils, there is no doubt he has a reward, though his reward is less than that of one who fought for Allah without intending spoils. As stated in (Al-Mirqat).

Note 3

قوله

(٣) قوله: لا أجر له: إذ لم يغز للّه، وأما إذا غزا للّه، وقصد حصول الغنيمة فلا شك أن له الأجر، نعم، أجره أنقص من أجر من غزا للّهِ ولم يقصد الغنيمة. كذا في (المرقاة).

Hadith 3803

Volume 3

English

Muadh (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Jihad is of two types: As for one who seeks the countenance of Allah, obeys the leader, spends generously, treats his partner kindly, and avoids corruption, then his sleep and wakefulness are entirely rewarded. But as for one who fights for pride, showing off, or reputation, disobeys the leader, and causes corruption in the land, he will not return with sufficiency."
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  • Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 2515 (unverified) 97% confidence
  • Candidate: Sunan al-Nasa'i 3188 (unverified) 86% confidence

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Hadith 3804

Volume 3

English

Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated: He said: "O Messenger of Allah, inform me about jihad." He said: "O Abdullah ibn Amr, if you fight patiently, seeking reward, Allah will resurrect you patient and seeking reward. But if you fight showing off and seeking pride, Allah will resurrect you showing off and seeking pride. O Abdullah ibn Amr, in whatever state you fight or are killed, Allah will resurrect you in that state."
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Hadith 3805

Volume 3

English

Uqbah ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Have you become incapable when I sent a man from among you and he did not carry out 1 my command, that you should replace him with one who carries out my command?"
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Commentary and footnotes (2)

Note 1

and he did not carry out my command, that you should replace him with one who carries out my command

(1) The statement: "and he did not carry out my command, that you should replace him with one who carries out my command": It means it is disliked to appoint a sinner, and he should be removed due to his sinfulness unless it causes fitnah. The intent is that he deserves removal, and therefore it was not said: "He is removed." As stated in (Ad-Durr al-Mukhtar) and (Radd al-Muhtar).

Note 1

قوله

(١) قوله: فلم يمض لأمري أن تجعلوا مكانه من يمضي لأمري: أي يكره تقليد الفاسق يعزل بالفسق إلا لفتنة. والمراد أنه يستحق العزل، ولذا لم يقل: ينعزل. قاله في (الدر المختار) و(رد المحتار).