Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding someone who does not know whether he prayed three or four Rak'ahs: "He should repeat the prayer until he is certain." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah]
In another narration from him: "As for me, if I do not know how many Rak'ahs I prayed, I repeat the prayer." A similar narration is reported from Ibn Jubayr, Ash-Sha'bi, and Shurayh.
(اس حدیث کا ترجمہ ہدایہ، بنایہ، رد المحتار، موطاء، امام محمد، تعلیق ممجد، شرح وقایہ، عمدۃ الرعایۃ
اور اعلاء السنن ان کتابوں کو پیش نظر رکھ کر کیا گیا ہے۔)
Tawus (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If you pray and do not know how many Rak'ahs you prayed, repeat it once. If you are confused again, do not repeat it." [Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah while Malik narrated a similar report from Ata]
In a narration by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud from the Prophet (peace be upon him): "If one of you is confused during prayer, let him determine the most likely correct number, complete the prayer, say the Taslim, and then perform two prostrations of forgetfulness."
Al-'Ayni said: Abu Dawud's chapter heading indicates that one should act according to the most likely assumption, as he said: "Chapter on Those who say to complete based on the most likely assumption."
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 401 (unverified) 98% confidence
Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 1020 (unverified) 93% confidence
Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.
Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: واضح ہو کہ بخاری اور ابوداؤد کی اس روایت میں نماز میں شک واقع ہونے سے تحری کر کے
گمان غالب پر عمل کرنے کا جو حکم ہے، مذہب حنفی بھی یہی ہے، چنانچہ علامہ عینی رحمہ اللہ نے فرمایا ہے کہ
ابوداؤد کا بھی اس بارے میں یہی قول ہے، اسی وجہ سے ابوداؤد نے جو باب قائم کیا ہے وہ یہ ہے ”بَابُ
مَنْ قَالَ يَتِمُّ عَلٰى أَكْبَرِ ظَنِّهِ“، یعنی جس شخص کو نماز میں شک ہو وہ اپنے گمان غالب پر عمل کرے۔
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If one of you is uncertain during prayer and does not know whether he prayed three or four Rak'ahs, let him determine the most likely assumption. If he thinks it is three, let him add one more, then say the Tashahhud, say the Taslim, and perform two prostrations of forgetfulness. If he thinks it is four, let him say the Tashahhud, say the Taslim, and perform two prostrations of forgetfulness."
Amr ibn Dinar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Ibn Umar and Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri were asked about a man who forgot and did not know how many Rak'ahs he prayed. They said: "He should determine the most correct number, complete the prayer, and then perform two prostrations of forgetfulness."
Ibrahim (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding someone who forgets the obligatory prayer and does not know whether he prayed three or four Rak'ahs: "If it is his first time forgetting, he should repeat the prayer. If he frequently forgets, he should determine the most correct number. If he thinks he completed the prayer, he should perform two prostrations of forgetfulness. If he thinks he prayed three, he should add one more and then perform two prostrations of forgetfulness."
Abdur Rahman ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say, "Whoever prays a prayer and is in doubt about whether he has shortened it, let him pray until he is certain of the excess." [Narrated by Ahmad]
In another narration by Tirmidhi, Abdur Rahman ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) say, "If one of you is in doubt during his prayer and does not know whether he has prayed one or two rak'ahs, let him assume it is one. If he does not know whether he has prayed two or three rak'ahs, let him assume it is two. If he does not know whether he has prayed three or four rak'ahs, let him assume it is three, and then perform two prostrations of forgetfulness." Tirmidhi said: This is a Hasan Sahih Hadith.
The conclusion is that three narrations have been established in this Chapter on
"If one of you is in doubt during his prayer, let him start over," or something similar.
"Whoever is in doubt about his prayer, let him strive to determine the correct number."
This hadith, which instructs building upon what is certain.
Our Imam Abu Hanifah (may Allah have mercy on him) reconciled these narrations by interpreting the first as referring to the first occurrence of doubt, the second as referring to cases where one can determine the correct number, and the third as referring to cases where one cannot determine the correct number. This is the perfection of comprehensiveness upon which the school of Imam Abu Hanifah is based, as mentioned in Sharh al-Munyah.
Abdullah ibn Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever is in doubt about his prayer, let him perform two prostrations after the salam."
Alqamah reported that Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) performed two prostrations of forgetfulness after the salam and mentioned that the Prophet (peace be upon him) did the same.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) performed prostrations of forgetfulness after the salam due to uncertainty.
Ibn Sirin reported from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) led them in one of the afternoon prayers—Ibn Sirin said: Abu Hurairah named the prayer, but I forgot it—and he prayed two rak'ahs, then said the salam. He then went to a piece of wood placed in the mosque, leaned on it as if he were angry, placed his right hand over his left, interlaced his fingers, and placed his right cheek on the back of his left hand. Some people hurried out of the mosque and said, "The prayer has been shortened." Among them were Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), but they hesitated to speak to him.
A man with long arms, called Dhul-Yadain, said, "O Messenger of Allah, did you forget, or has the prayer been shortened?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "I did not forget, nor has the prayer been shortened." He asked, "Is what Dhul-Yadain said true?" They replied, "Yes." So he stood up, prayed what he had missed, said the salam, then said takbir and prostrated as he usually did or longer, then raised his head and said takbir. He then prostrated again as he usually did or longer, raised his head, and said takbir. Sometimes they asked him, "Did he say the salam afterward?" He would reply, "I was informed that Imran ibn Husayn said he did." This was agreed upon (by Bukhari and Muslim], and the wording is from Bukhari.
In another narration by both, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "None of that happened," and Dhul-Yadain replied, "Some of it did, O Messenger of Allah."
Imran ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed Asr and said the salam after three rak'ahs. He then entered his house, and a man named Khirbaq, who had long arms, came to him and mentioned what he had done. The Prophet (peace be upon him) came out angrily, dragging his cloak, and asked, "Is what he said true?" They replied, "Yes." So he prayed one rak'ah, said the salam, performed two prostrations, and then said the salam again.
Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas reported that he prayed behind Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who made a mistake in the prayer and performed two prostrations after the salam. Anas then turned to them and said, "I only did what I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) do." [Narrated by Tabarani]
In a narration by Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Nasa'i from Imran ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace be upon him) led them in prayer, made a mistake, performed two prostrations, then recited the tashahhud and said the salam. Tirmidhi said: This is a Hasan Gharib Hadith. Hakim and Ibn Hibban narrated something similar, and Hakim said it is Sahih according to the conditions of Bukhari and Muslim. In Umdat al-Ri'ayah, it is mentioned that this indicates the tashahhud before the prostrations is invalidated, and one must recite it again afterward.
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Candidate: Jami al-Tirmidhi 395 (unverified) 98% confidence
Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 1039 (unverified) 97% confidence
Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.
Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: عمدۃ الرعایہ میں لکھا ہے کہ اس حدیث سے ثابت ہوتا ہے کہ سہو کے سجدوں کی وجہ سے
سجدوں کے پہلے جو تشہد پڑھا جاتا ہے اس کا شمار نہیں ہوتا، اس لئے سہو کے سجدوں کے بعد پھر تشہد پڑھنا
چاہئے۔ (اور دوبارہ تشہد پڑھنے کے بعد حسب قاعدہ درود اور دعاء پڑھ کر نماز سے باہر آنے کے لئے
سلام پھیرا۔)
Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed Zuhr with five rak'ahs. He was asked, "Has the prayer been increased?" He replied, "What is that?" They said, "You prayed five rak'ahs." So he performed two prostrations after the salam.
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 1226 (unverified) 99% confidence
Confidence and text similarity are not editorial verification.
Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: واضح ہو کہ ابن سیرین اور عمران بن حصین رضی اللہ عنہم کی دونوں حدیثیں جو اوپر گزر چکی
ہیں ان سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ نماز میں کمی ہونے سے سلام پھیر کر سہو کے دو سجدے کرنے چاہئیں اور اسی
طرح ابن مسعود رضی اللہ عنہ کی مذکور الصدر حدیث سے بھی یہی معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ نماز میں زیادتی ہونے
سے بھی سلام پھیر کر سہو کے دو سجدے کرنے چاہئیں۔
اس طرح ثابت ہوا کہ نماز میں سہواً خواہ کمی ہو یا زیادتی دونوں صورتوں میں سلام پھیر کر سہو کے
دو سجدے کریں، پھر تشہد (درود اور دعاء پڑھ کر نماز سے باہر آنے کے لئے پھر) سلام پھیریں اور یہی
مذہب حنفی ہے۔
(یہ مضمون مرقات سے ماخوذ ہے۔)
Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say, "For every mistake, there are two prostrations after the salam."
Ash-Sha'bi reported that Al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) led them in prayer and stood up after two rak'ahs. The people signaled to him, and he signaled back. When he completed the prayer, he said the salam, then performed two prostrations of forgetfulness while sitting. He then told them that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had done the same.
Al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) led us in prayer and forgot (to complete it). He stood up after two rak'ahs, so we signaled to him, but he continued. When he completed the prayer and said the salam, he performed two prostrations of forgetfulness.
Al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) also reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "If the imam stands up after two rak'ahs, and if he remembers before standing up straight, he should sit down. But if he stands up straight, he should not sit down and should perform two prostrations of forgetfulness."
Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
(اس حدیث کا ترجمہ ہدایہ، بنایہ، رد المحتار، موطاء، امام محمد، تعلیق ممجد، شرح وقایہ، عمدۃ الرعایۃ اور اعلاء السنن ان کتابوں کو پیش نظر رکھ کر کیا گیا ہے۔)