English
Yazid ibn Ruman and Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr narrated: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Ukaydir ibn Abd al-Malik, a man from Kindah, king of Dumah, who was Christian. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to Khalid: “You will find him hunting cattle.” Khalid set out until he was within sight of his fortress on a clear, moonlit night. Ukaydir was on the roof with his wife. Cattle came rubbing their horns against the palace gate. His wife said: “Have you ever seen this before?” He said: “No, by Allah.” She said: “Who would let such a thing go?” He said: “No one.” He descended, ordered his horse saddled, and rode out with a group from his household, including his brother Hassan. The Messenger’s cavalry met them, captured Ukaydir, and killed his brother Hassan, who wore a gold-embroidered silk robe, which Khalid took as spoils and sent to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) before arriving. Khalid then brought Ukaydir to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), who spared his life, made a treaty for jizyah, and released him to return to his town.
Qur’an-related source paragraphs
Allah, the Exalted, says: “Fight those who do not believe in Allah or the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor follow the religion of truth, from among those given the Scripture,(1) until they pay the jizyah willingly while they are humbled” [Qur’an 9:29].
Possible references (unverified, pending editorial review)
- Candidate: Mishkat al-Masabih 3989 (unverified) 30% confidence
Mishkat (candidate) 3989
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Commentary and footnotes (4)
Chapter-heading commentary
(1) The statement: “From among those given the Scripture”: This clarifies “those who do not believe in Allah”, meaning the jizyah is imposed on those who believe in a revealed scripture, like Jews who believe in the Torah, Samaritans who believe in the Psalms, and Christians who believe in the Gospel. As in (At-Tafsir al-Ahmadiyyah) and (Sharh al-Kanz).
(2) The statement: “Say to those who remained behind, etc.”: In (At-Tafsir al-Ahmadiyyah), this verse indicates that apostates and Arab idol-worshippers are not offered jizyah, as stated by exegetes and the author of (Al-Hidayah) in the chapter on fighting: This applies to those from whom jizyah is accepted. For those from whom it is not, like apostates and Arab idol-worshippers, there is no benefit in offering jizyah, as only Islam is accepted from them, per Allah’s saying: “You will fight them, or they will submit” [Qur’an 48:16].
Chapter-heading commentary
(١) قوله: من الذين أوتوالكتاب: بيان لقوله: الذين لا يؤمنون بالله، والمعنى: توضع الجزية على الذي يعتقد كتابا منالكتب المنزلة كاليهودي؛ فإنه يعتقد التوراة والسامري؛ فإنه يعتقد الزبور والنصراني؛ فإنه يعتقد الإنجيل. التقطتهمن (التفسيرات الأحمدية) وشروح (الكنز).
(٢) قوله: قل للمخالفين إلخ: قال في (التفسيرات الأحمدية): فيكون الآية دليلا على أن المرتدين ومشركي العرب لا يقبلمنهما الجزية صرَّح به المفسرون، وصاحب (الهداية) أيضًا؛ حيث قال في (باب كيفية القتال): وهذا في حق من يقبلمنه الجزية، ومن لا يقبل منه، كالمرتدين وعَبَدَة الأوثان من العرب لا فائدة في دعائهم إلى قبول الجزية؛ لأنه لا يقبلمنهم إلا الإسلام، قال الله تعالى: ﴿تُقَتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونٌّ﴾ (الفتح: ١٦). هذا لفظه.