Qabisah ibn Mukhariq (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: “I incurred a debt, so I went to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to ask him for help. He said: ‘Stay until we receive some charity, and I will order some for you.’ Then he said: ‘O Qabisah, asking is only permissible for three: a man who incurs a debt, so it is permissible for him to ask until he pays it off, then he must stop. A man whose wealth is destroyed by a calamity, so it is permissible for him to ask until he obtains enough to sustain himself. And a man who is struck by poverty until three knowledgeable people from his tribe say: “So-and-so has been struck by poverty,” so it is permissible for him to ask until he obtains enough to sustain himself. Other than these, O Qabisah, asking is impermissible, and whoever takes it consumes it unlawfully.’”
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Commentary and footnotes (3)
Note 1
Until he obtains enough to sustain himself.
(1) The statement: “Until he obtains enough to sustain himself.” Al-Tahawi said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) permitted the needy to ask until he obtains enough to sustain himself. This indicates that charity is not prohibited for the healthy if the giver intends to relieve his poverty. It is only prohibited if the recipient intends something else, such as increasing his wealth. Whoever seeks it for other than the three reasons mentioned by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the hadith of Qabisah ibn Mukhariq is consuming it unlawfully.”
Note 1
قوله
(۱) قوله: يصيب قواما إلخ : وقال الطحاوي: فأباح رسول الله ﷺ في هذا الحديث لذي الحاجة أن يسأل لحاجته حتى يصيب قوامًا من عيش أو سدادًا من عيش. فدل ذلك أن الصدقة لا تحرم بالصحة إذا أراد بها الذي تصدق بها عليه سد فقره، وإنما تحرم عليه إذا كان يريد بها غير ذلك من التكثر ونحوه. ومن يريد بها ذلك فهو ممن يطلبها لسوى المعاني الثلاثة التي ذكرها رسول الله ﷺ في حديث قبيصة بن مخارق الذي ذكرنا: «فهو عليه سحت».
Note 1
ف: اس حدیث شریف میں ارشاد ہے کہ حاجت مند اپنی ضرورت کی تکمیل کے لئے سوال
کر سکتا ہے۔ اس سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ سائل کے سوال کرنے کے لئے معذوری اور بیماری شرط نہیں
ہے۔ تندرست آدمی جو فقر و فاقہ میں مبتلا ہوا، اپنی حاجت پوری کرنے کے لئے سوال کر سکتا ہے اور یہی
مذہب حنفی ہے جیسا کہ امام طحاوی رحمہ اللہ نے فرمایا ہے۔
Hubshi ibn Junadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Asking is not permissible for the wealthy or the strong and healthy, except for one in severe poverty or overwhelming debt. Whoever asks people to increase his wealth will have his face scratched on the Day of Resurrection and will eat burning embers from Hell. Whoever wishes, let him take less, and whoever wishes, let him take more.”
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Candidate: Jami al-Tirmidhi 653 (unverified) 94% confidence
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Commentary and footnotes (3)
Note 2
Asking is not permissible for the wealthy.
(2) The statement: “Asking is not permissible for the wealthy.” In Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar: “It is not permissible to ask for sustenance if one has enough for the day, whether in actuality or potentially, such as a healthy person who can earn.”
Note 2
قوله
(۲) قوله: إن المسألة لا تحل إلخ: وقال في الدر المختار: ولا يحل أن يسأل شيئًا من القوت من له قوت يومه بالفعل، أو بالقوة كالصحيح المكتسب.
Note 1
ف: حدیث شریف میں ارشاد ہے کہ غنی کے لئے سوال جائز نہیں ہے، اس بارے میں درمختار
میں لکھا ہے جس کسی کے پاس ایک دن کی خوراک موجود ہو تو ایسے شخص کے لئے سوال کرنا جائز نہیں
ہے اور اس شخص کے لئے بھی سوال کرنا جائز نہیں ہے جس کے پاس ایک دن کی خوراک تو موجود نہیں،
لیکن وہ صحیح اور تندرست ہے اور کمانے پر قادر ہے۔12
Samurah ibn Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Asking is like scratching one’s face. Whoever wishes may keep his face, and whoever wishes may scratch it, except when a man asks a ruler or in a matter where he has no alternative.”
Ibn Al-Firasi reported that Al-Firasi said: “I said to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): ‘May I ask, O Messenger of Allah?’ He said: ‘No, but if you must, ask the righteous.’”
Az-Zubair ibn Al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “It is better for one of you to take a rope, bring a bundle of firewood on his back, and sell it, so that Allah preserves his dignity, than to ask people, whether they give or refuse.”
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Candidate: Sahih al-Bukhari 1471 (unverified) 99% confidence
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Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: اس حدیث شریف میں ارشاد ہے کہ سائل کو لوگ دیں یا نہ دیں دونوں صورتیں اس کے
لئے بہتر نہیں، سائل کو لوگ اگر دیدیں تو یہ اس لئے بہتر نہیں کہ وہ ان کا احسان مند ہوگا اور اس کو مانگنے
کی عادت ہوجائیگی اور اگر سائل کو لوگ نہ دیں تو یہ چیز اس کے لئے اس وجہ سے بہتر نہیں کہ اس نے
سوال کر کے خود کو ذلیل کیا، اور سوال کے باوجود اس کو کچھ ملا بھی نہیں۔
(یہ اشعۃ اللمعات سے ماخوذ ہے)12
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that a man from the Ansar came to the Prophet (ﷺ) to ask him for help. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Do you not have anything in your house?” He said: “Yes, a piece of cloth that we wear and spread, and a bowl from which we drink water.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Bring them to me.” He brought them, and the Prophet (ﷺ) took them in his hand and said: “Who will buy these?” A man said: “I will take them for a dirham.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Who will offer more than a dirham?” He repeated this two or three times. Another man said: “I will take them for two dirhams.” The Prophet (ﷺ) gave them to him, took the two dirhams, and gave them to the Ansari. He said: “Buy food with one of them and give it to your family, and buy an axe with the other and bring it to me.” He brought it, and the Prophet (ﷺ) tied a handle to it with his hand and said: “Go, gather firewood and sell it. Do not let me see you for fifteen days.” The man went and gathered firewood and sold it. He returned having earned ten dirhams. He bought clothes with some and food with the rest. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “This is better for you than asking, which will leave a mark on your face on the Day of Resurrection. Asking is only permissible for three: one in severe poverty, one in overwhelming debt, or one with blood money to pay.” [Narrated by Abu Dawud]
Ibn Majah narrated it up to the words: “On the Day of Resurrection.”
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever asks people for their wealth to increase his own wealth is only asking for embers. Let him take less or more.”
Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “A person continues to ask people until he comes on the Day of Resurrection with no flesh on his face.”
Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Do not insist on asking. By Allah, if one of you asks me for something and I give it to him reluctantly, there will be no blessing in what I give him.”
Ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever is struck by poverty and takes it to people will not have his poverty relieved. But whoever takes it to Allah, Allah will soon grant him sufficiency, either through a quick death or immediate sufficiency.”
Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever guarantees me that he will not ask people for anything, I guarantee him Paradise.” Thawban said: “I will.” He never asked anyone for anything after that.
Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) called me and made me promise not to ask people for anything. I said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Not even your whip if it falls from you until you dismount and pick it up.’”
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard a man asking people for help on the day of Arafah. He said: “Are you asking people on this day and in this place instead of Allah?” He then struck him with a whip.
Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Know, O people, that greed is poverty, and contentment is wealth. When a person gives up hope for something, he becomes independent of it.”
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said while on the pulpit, and they were discussing charity and refraining from asking: “The upper hand is better than the lower hand. The upper hand is the one that gives, and the lower hand is the one that asks.”
Hakim ibn Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: “I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he gave me. I asked him again, and he gave me. Then he said to me: ‘O Hakim, this wealth is green and sweet. Whoever takes it with a generous heart will be blessed in it, but whoever takes it with greed will not be blessed in it and will be like one who eats but is never satisfied. The upper hand is better than the lower hand.’ Hakim said: ‘I said: By the One who sent you with the truth, I will never ask anyone for anything after you until I leave this world.’”
Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: “Some people from the Ansar asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he gave them. They asked him again, and he gave them until he ran out of what he had. Then he said: ‘Whatever good I have, I will not withhold it from you. Whoever refrains from asking, Allah will make him self-sufficient. Whoever seeks sufficiency, Allah will make him sufficient. Whoever is patient, Allah will grant him patience. No one has been given a gift better and more abundant than patience.’”
Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: “The Prophet (ﷺ) used to give me gifts, and I would say: ‘Give it to someone who needs it more than me.’ He said: ‘Take it and keep it or give it in charity. Whatever comes to you of this wealth without you being greedy or asking for it, take it. Otherwise, do not let your soul desire it.’”
Ibn As-Sa’idi reported: “Umar appointed me to collect charity. When I finished and delivered it to him, he ordered that I be given a reward. I said: ‘I only worked for Allah, and my reward is with Allah.’ He said: ‘Take what you are given. I worked during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he appointed me. I said the same as you, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me: “If you are given something without asking, take it and eat or give it in charity.”’”
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Candidate: Sunan Abi Dawud 1647 (unverified) 90% confidence
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Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: صاحب مرقات نے لکھا ہے کہ اس حدیث سے ثابت ہوتا ہے کہ بیت المال سے عام
کاموں کا معاوضہ لینا جائز ہے جیسے قضاوت، احتساب اور تدریس، بلکہ امام پر واجب ہے کہ بیت
المال سے اس قسم کے کام کرنے والوں کی کفالت کرے۔
Sahl ibn Al-Hanzaliyyah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “Whoever asks people while having enough to suffice him is only increasing his share of the fire of Hell.” I said: “O Messenger of Allah, what is enough to suffice him?” He said: “Enough to feed his family in the morning and evening.”
Enough to feed his family in the morning and evening.
(1) The statement: “Enough to feed his family in the morning and evening.” In Al-Muhit: “Wealth is of three types: wealth that obligates Zakat, which is owning the nisab for a full year; wealth that prohibits charity but obligates the charity of Fitr and the sacrifice, which is owning the value of the nisab from surplus wealth beyond one’s basic needs; and wealth that prohibits asking but not charity, which is having enough for the day and something to cover oneself.” This is mentioned in Al-Mirqat. It also states: “Whoever owns two hundred dirhams is prohibited from taking charity, and whoever has enough for the day is prohibited from asking, but not from taking charity. There is a distinction between taking and asking.”
Note 1
قوله
(۱) قوله: ما يغديهم وما يعشيهم في المحيط»: الغنى على ثلاثة أنواع، غنّى : يوجب الزكاة، وهو ملك نصاب حولي تام وغنى: يحرم الصدقة ويوجب صدقة الفطر والأضحية، وهو ملك ما يبلغ قيمة نصاب من الأموال الفاضلة عن حاجته الأصلية. وغنى: يحرم السؤال دون الصدقة، وهو أن يكون له قوت يومه وما يستر عورته. قاله في «المرقاة». وقال فيه أيضًا: إن من ملك مائتي درهم يحرم عليه أخذ الصدقة، ومن ملك قوت يومه يحرم عليه السؤال، لا أخذ الصدقة. ففرق بين الأخذ وبين السؤال.
Sahl ibn Al-Hanzaliyyah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever asks while having enough to suffice him is only increasing his share of the fire.” At-Tufayli, one of its narrators, said in another place: “What is the sufficiency that makes asking impermissible?” He said: “Enough to feed him in the morning and evening.” In another place: “Having enough for a day and night or a night and day.”
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Commentary and footnotes (1)
Note 1
ف: محیط میں مذکور ہے کہ غنی یعنی تونگری کی تین قسمیں ہیں: ایک غنی وہ ہے جو آدمی پر زکات
واجب کرتی ہے یعنی وہ ایسے مال کا مالک ہے جو نصاب کو پہنچتا ہو (ایسے شخص پر سوال کرنا اور دوسروں
کی زکات لینا حرام ہے)۔
غنی کی دوسری قسم وہ ہے کہ اس پر زکات تو واجب نہیں البتہ صدقہ فطر اور قربانی واجب ہے
(ایسے شخص پر بھی سوال کرنا اور دوسروں کی زکات لینا حرام ہے)۔
غنی کی تیسری قسم وہ ہے کہ آدمی کے پاس ایک دن کا خوراک اور اتنا کپڑا موجود ہو جس سے وہ
اپنا ستر چھپا لے تو ایسے شخص پر بھی سوال حرام ہے، البتہ وہ دوسروں سے زکات اور خیرات لے سکتا
ہے۔ یہ مرقات میں مذکور ہے۔
Commentary and footnotes (3)
Note 1
(1) The statement: “Until he obtains enough to sustain himself.” Al-Tahawi said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) permitted the needy to ask until he obtains enough to sustain himself. This indicates that charity is not prohibited for the healthy if the giver intends to relieve his poverty. It is only prohibited if the recipient intends something else, such as increasing his wealth. Whoever seeks it for other than the three reasons mentioned by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the hadith of Qabisah ibn Mukhariq is consuming it unlawfully.”
Note 1
(۱) قوله: يصيب قواما إلخ : وقال الطحاوي: فأباح رسول الله ﷺ في هذا الحديث لذي الحاجة أن يسأل لحاجته حتى يصيب قوامًا من عيش أو سدادًا من عيش. فدل ذلك أن الصدقة لا تحرم بالصحة إذا أراد بها الذي تصدق بها عليه سد فقره، وإنما تحرم عليه إذا كان يريد بها غير ذلك من التكثر ونحوه. ومن يريد بها ذلك فهو ممن يطلبها لسوى المعاني الثلاثة التي ذكرها رسول الله ﷺ في حديث قبيصة بن مخارق الذي ذكرنا: «فهو عليه سحت».
Note 1
ف: اس حدیث شریف میں ارشاد ہے کہ حاجت مند اپنی ضرورت کی تکمیل کے لئے سوال کر سکتا ہے۔ اس سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ سائل کے سوال کرنے کے لئے معذوری اور بیماری شرط نہیں ہے۔ تندرست آدمی جو فقر و فاقہ میں مبتلا ہوا، اپنی حاجت پوری کرنے کے لئے سوال کر سکتا ہے اور یہی مذہب حنفی ہے جیسا کہ امام طحاوی رحمہ اللہ نے فرمایا ہے۔